Wholesale Factory Direct Enoxolone CAS 471-53-4

Adrenal cortex hormone-like effect

1. Mineralocorticoid-like effect
   • For healthy people and a variety of animals, Enoxolone can promote sodium, water retention, and increase in potassium excretion, presenting a deoxycorticosterone-like effect.
   • For patients whose adrenal glands on both sides are removed, 40 mg hydrocortisone intramuscularly injected daily for maintenance therapy, if glycyrrhetinic acid is added daily for 4 g subcutaneous injections, there will be a synergistic effect and electrolyte balance will be maintained.
   • However, if hydrocortisone is stopped and only Enoxolone is given, sodium storage capacity will be lost and Addison’s crisis will occur.
2. Glucocorticoid-like effects
   • The chemical structure of glycyrrhetinic acid is similar to corticosteroids.
   • For animals with adrenal cortex removed and pituitary gland removed, glycyrrhetinic acid can still produce sodium retention and anti-diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
   • Another report pointed out that Enoxolone will have an effect on people with weakened adrenal cortex function but not complete failure.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-immune effects

• Enoxolone has anti-inflammatory effects like phenylbutazone or hydrocortisone.
• Its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic reactions may be related to inhibiting capillary permeability, antihistamines or reducing cell response to stimuli.
• Glycyrrhetinic acid has an inhibitory effect on a variety of acute inflammations. Its anti-inflammatory effect does not depend on the pituitary-adrenal cortex system, but is related to inhibiting the production of PgE2 in inflammatory tissues and antagonizing the inflammatory mediators histamine and serotonin.

The effect on the digestive system

• Enoxolone can reduce blood bilirubin in rabbits and rats ligated to the common bile duct, and increase urinary bilirubin excretion. This effect is stronger than glucuronide or methionine.
• It has a good anti-ulcer effect on rats with pyloric ligation, and its therapeutic index is higher.

Antitussive and antiphlegm effect

• Enoxolone’s choline salt has a significant antitussive effect on the cough caused by chemical stimulation (inhalation of ammonia) and electrical stimulation of the cat’s superior laryngeal nerve.
• Therefore, it is believed that the antitussive effect of Enoxolone is related to the central nervous system.

Anti-tumor effect

• It has inhibitory effect on transplantation of Oberling-gnerin myeloma in rats.
• When its sodium salt has the maximum tolerated dose, it can slightly inhibit the growth of mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (FAC) and sarcoma-45 cells.

Antidiuretic effect

• Enoxolone and its salts have obvious antidiuretic effects.
• It can enhance the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the renal tubules and present an antidiuretic effect.
• Its mode of action is different from deoxycorticosterone, which may be its direct effect on renal tubules.

The effect on the auditory function of the inner ear

• Using auditory electrophysiology methods, studies have shown that after intramuscular injection of glycyrrhetinic acid 100mg/kg in guinea pigs, the guinea pig auditory nerve action potential response threshold decreases, indicating that Enoxolone can improve the auditory function of the inner ear of guinea pigs.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

• When using glycyrrhetinic acid at a concentration of 4×10\-2mg/ml. It has a significant inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, which is strengthened with the increase of drug concentration within this dose range.
• Enoxolone’s inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase is a competitive-non-competitive mixed inhibition, which has a similar inhibitory effect to neostigmine.

Scavenge of oxygen free radicals

• 18-β Glycyrrhetinic acid has a significant scavenging effect on O-2 and -OH produced by the aqueous system.
• 30mol/L has a significant inhibitory effect on the chemiluminescence produced by PMN.
• The results confirmed that 18-Beta glycyrrhetinic acid can directly capture oxygen free radicals.

Other functions

1. Effect on estrogen
   • Enoxolone can inhibit the growth effect of estrogen on the uterus of juvenile animals, and it still has the same effect after removing the adrenal glands or ovaries.
2. Antibacterial and antiviral effects
   • Glycyrrhetinic acid can enhance the effectiveness of berberine in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and neutralize the virulence of tetanus toxin.
3. Impact on myocardial ischemia
   • Enoxolone can significantly counteract the changes in the electrocardiogram of rats with acute myocardial ischemia caused by pituitrin.

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