A materials scientist working on permanent magnet development at a research institute in Japan described the procurement process for rare earth oxides as the part of her work that demanded the most patience. Not because the materials were technically complicated to specify — the chemist side of the problem was straightforward — but because the market structure for high-purity rare earth compounds made it genuinely difficult to verify what you were buying without sophisticated in-house analytics. The compound she worked with most frequently was ♥Neodymium Oxide, CAS 1313-97-9, and the problem she kept running into was inter-supplier variability in rare earth impurity profiles.