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D-Glucose Anhydrous (CAS 50-99-7) Molecular Profile

D-Glucose anhydrous, systematically designated as (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal or D-glucopyranose, is an indispensable monosaccharide and primary bio-energetic substrate. In industrial biochemistry, it is structurally distinguished from its monohydrate counterpart by the complete absence of crystalline water molecules within its orthorhombic lattice, providing exceptional stoichiometric precision for water-sensitive chemical processes.

Mutarotation Dynamics: In aqueous solutions, D-glucose anhydrous undergoesspontaneous mutarotation, establishing a dynamic equilibrium between a-D-glucopyranose (~ 36%)) and B-D-glucopyranose (~ 64%)) via the open-chain form(< 0.1%). Quantifying this equilibrium is vital for precise polarimetric assay validations

IUPAC Standard Name:   Aldohexose / Six-membered Pyranose Ring
CAS Registry Number: 50-99-7  
EINECS Number: 200-075-1   
Molecular Formula: C6H12O6 
Molecular Weight: 180.16 g/mol

Calibrated Physical and Thermodynamic Data

Physical Form: White crystalline granules or fine, free-flowing crystalline powder,exhibits a characteristically clean, sweet taste.
Melting Point: 146 – 150 °C (A sharp endothermic peak under DSC confirms the pureanhydrous state; the monohydrate form melts significantly lower at – 83 °C).
Specific Optical Rotation: [a] = + 52.5° ~ + 53.3° (c= 10 in H2O, after completeequilibration), serving as the core baseline for purity determination.
Solubility Matrix: Highly soluble in water (- 900 g/L at 25 °C); sparingly soluble inabsolute ethanol; completely insoluble in non-polar organic solvents

Advanced Industrial and Strategic Applications

Pharmaceutical and API Matrices:

Functions as a foundational raw material for large-volume parenterals (intravenous infusions) to restore fluid and caloric balance. It serves as a critical carbon source in mammalian cell culture media and industrial fermentation for high-value biopharmaceuticals.

Chemical Synthesis:

Used as a clean, renewable chiral building block for the synthesis of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), alkyl polyglucosides (green surfactants), and gluconic acid derivatives.

Stability, Moisture Re-absorption, and Regulatory Compliance

Salicylic Acid
  • Hygroscopic Kinetics: Although chemically stable under dry ambient criteria, D-glucose anhydrous is highly sensitive to critical relative humidity (CRH \(\sim 80\%\) at 25 °C). In high-humidity environments, it rapidly re-absorbs atmospheric moisture to convert back into the monohydrate form, causing severe product compaction and clumping.
  • Storage Architecture: Must be maintained in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse, strictly isolated from volatile foreign odors. Bulk packaging requires airtight multi-layer kraft paper bags or fiber drums with double-layer PE heat-sealed liners.
  • GHS & Transport Classification:
    • Signal Word: None (Classified as a non-hazardous, biocompatible substance).
    • Transport Category: Exempt from DOT, IMDG, and IATA hazardous cargo mandates (Safe for unrestricted international logistics).

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